With the implementation of regional autonomy in 2001, the Sonobudoyo State Museum became a Technical Implementation Unit within the Department of Culture and Tourism. Following changes in the organizational structure within the Yogyakarta Special Region Provincial Government in early 2004, the State Museum became a Technical Implementation Unit within the Department of Culture of the Yogyakarta Special Region Province, where it remains today.
The Sonobudoyo State Museum was established based on Yogyakarta Special Region Provincial Regulation No. 7 of 2002 concerning the Establishment and Organization of Technical Implementation Units within Regional Departments within the Yogyakarta Special Region Provincial Government.
The duties and work procedures of the UPTD are regulated in Yogyakarta Special Region Governor Regulation No. 35 of 2020.
The Sonobudoyo Museum's initial purpose was to collect, preserve, and foster cultural heritage, which would then be presented to the public. Over time, it has been utilized as a research object, an art connoisseur's object, and a tourist attraction. It is hoped that the Museum's function will not only be recreational but also culturally educational regarding the history of human cultural development.
Based on the Regulation of the Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Number 105 of 2024, the Cultural Service has the function of implementing the Regional Government's authority in the field of Culture and the authority of deconcentration and assistance tasks assigned by the Government.